Networking & Emerging Tech Concepts, Explained Simply

Which technology is not an example of deep tech? Social media platforms such as Instagram, Facebook and TikTok are not examples of deep tech. Deep tech requires breakthrough scientific or engineering principles — like quantum computing, biotechnology or advanced AI research. Social media is built entirely on existing infrastructure, not novel science.

• Deep tech is defined by scientific depth, not just technical complexity. Social media, basic apps and consumer software do not qualify as deep tech.
• 5G dramatically expands IoT capability by offering lower latency, higher device density support and faster speeds than 4G.
• Bluetooth is the wireless technology behind Personal Area Networks (PANs), not Wi-Fi or cellular networks.
• Front-end technologies include HTML, CSS and JavaScript. Back-end technologies include server languages, databases and APIs.
• Smart home technology has roots going back to the 1970s, though mass adoption only happened in the 2010s.

Deep Tech, Big Data and Wireless Tech: The Core Distinctions

The phrase “deep tech” gets thrown around loosely, but it has a precise meaning. According to the Boston Consulting Group’s 2021 deep tech report, deep tech companies attracted over $60 billion in venture investment globally in 2020, with sectors like AI, biotech, quantum computing and advanced manufacturing leading the way. What unites these sectors is that their breakthroughs come from scientific research, not from combining existing software.

So which technology is not an example of deep tech? Social media platforms, e-commerce software and consumer apps are the clearest answers. They are built using existing programming languages, cloud infrastructure and standard databases. There is no novel scientific principle underpinning Instagram’s algorithm the way there is underpinning CRISPR gene editing or a quantum processor. Being technically complex or widely used does not make a technology deep tech if it relies entirely on well-understood, pre-existing infrastructure.

In India, deep tech is gaining traction through government-backed initiatives. IIT-derived startups working on quantum cryptography and homegrown AI chips are genuine deep tech examples. Consumer fintech apps, by contrast, are not examples of deep tech, regardless of their scale or sophistication.

Which Among the Following Is Not a Big Data Technology?

Big data technologies are tools designed to store, process or analyse extremely large datasets. Hadoop, Apache Spark, Cassandra, Hive and Kafka are all genuine big data technologies. Microsoft Excel is not a big data technology. It is a spreadsheet tool that breaks down well before you hit even a few million rows. It is a common trick question in Indian university exams and tech certification tests.

The distinction matters practically. If you are working in a data engineering or cybersecurity analytics role, you need to know that Excel will not cut it for log analysis at scale. Tools like Splunk or Apache Kafka are what security teams actually use for real-time threat detection, and you can explore how those fit into security workflows through 3University’s School of Cyber Resilience.

Which of the Given Network Uses Bluetooth Wireless Technology?

Bluetooth operates over a Personal Area Network (PAN). That is the short-range wireless network that connects devices within roughly 10 metres of each other, like your phone to your earbuds, or a laptop to a wireless mouse. It is not a LAN (Local Area Network), not a WAN (Wide Area Network) and not a cellular network.

Bluetooth uses the 2.4 GHz ISM radio band and has evolved considerably. Bluetooth 5.0, adopted by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group in June 2016 and available in devices from 2017, quadrupled the range and doubled the speed of its predecessor. The Bluetooth SIG reports over 5 billion Bluetooth devices shipped annually as of 2023.

Which Technology Is Used in Compact Disks?

Compact Disks use laser technology, specifically a low-power infrared laser to read data encoded as microscopic pits and lands on a reflective surface. The laser reads these patterns as binary data. CD-ROMs use a 780 nm wavelength laser. DVDs use a shorter 650 nm wavelength to pack more data into the same disc size. Blu-ray discs go further with a 405 nm blue-violet laser, which is why they can hold 25 GB or more per layer.

How 5G Technology Enhances the Internet of Things

5G does not just make your phone faster. Its real impact is on the Internet of Things. The ITU (International Telecommunication Union) defines 5G as supporting up to 1 million connected devices per square kilometre, compared to around 100,000 for 4G LTE. That is the number that matters for IoT deployments in smart cities, factories and agriculture.

India’s 5G rollout, which began in October 2022 under the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), is already enabling applications that were not feasible on 4G. Smart irrigation systems in Maharashtra, industrial automation in Pune’s manufacturing belt and real-time traffic management in Bengaluru are early examples. The Department of Telecommunications projects that 5G will contribute $450 billion to the Indian economy by 2040, according to their 2022 spectrum auction documentation.

Why Latency Is the Real Game-Changer for IoT

5G brings latency down to around 1 millisecond, compared to 30-50 ms on 4G. For IoT applications, that is the difference between a connected vehicle reacting in time to a road hazard and reacting too late. It is also why remote surgery, industrial robotics and drone fleet management become genuinely viable on 5G networks.

The combination of high device density, low latency and speeds up to 10 Gbps means 5G acts as the backbone for the next generation of IoT systems. If you are interested in how AI-driven systems plug into this infrastructure, 3University’s School of Intelligent Systems covers exactly that intersection.

When Was Smart Home Technology First Introduced?

The concept is older than most people realise. The first smart home device is generally traced to the X10 protocol, developed in 1975 by Pico Electronics in Scotland. X10 allowed electrical devices to be controlled remotely over existing power lines. By the 1980s, early home automation systems were being marketed to wealthy consumers in the US and Europe.

Mass market smart home technology arrived with Amazon Echo in 2014 and Google Home in 2016. India’s smart home market, according to Statista (2023), was valued at approximately $4.5 billion and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 25% through 2028, driven by affordable smart speakers, Wi-Fi-enabled appliances and increasing broadband penetration.

Front-End and Back-End Technologies, Explained Clearly

Front-end is everything a user sees and interacts with. Back-end is everything happening on the server that the user never sees directly. Understanding both layers is increasingly important for developers and security professionals alike.

What Are Front-End Technologies?

Front-end technologies are the tools used to build what appears in your browser or app screen. The three foundational ones are HTML, CSS and JavaScript. HTML structures the content. CSS styles it. JavaScript makes it interactive. Beyond those, modern front-end development uses frameworks and libraries like React, Angular and Vue.js.

In India, front-end development is one of the most in-demand skills. According to the NASSCOM Future of Tech 2023 report, JavaScript consistently ranks among the top three skills sought by Indian tech employers, and React expertise commands a salary premium of 20-30% over vanilla JS developers at mid-level roles.

What Are Back-End Technologies?

Back-end technologies handle data storage, business logic, authentication and server communication. Common back-end languages include Python, Java, PHP, Node.js, Ruby and Go. These work alongside database systems like MySQL, PostgreSQL and MongoDB, and APIs that allow front and back ends to talk to each other.

Security is a major concern on the back end. SQL injection, broken authentication and insecure API endpoints are among the top vulnerabilities identified by OWASP’s Top 10 list. Understanding back-end architecture is essential for anyone working in penetration testing or application security. You can explore the tools used to test these systems at 3University’s penetration testing tools resource.

Front-End vs Back-End: A Quick Comparison

Aspect	Front-End	Back-End
What it handles	User interface and experience	Server logic, databases, APIs
Core languages	HTML, CSS, JavaScript	Python, Java, PHP, Node.js, Go
Popular frameworks	React, Angular, Vue.js	Django, Spring, Laravel, Express
Databases used	None directly	MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB
Security concerns	XSS, clickjacking	SQL injection, broken auth, insecure APIs
Avg. India salary (mid-level, 2023)	Rs 6-10 LPA (Glassdoor India, 2023)	Rs 8-14 LPA (Glassdoor India, 2023)

Full-stack developers work across both layers. Full-stack roles in India command salaries between Rs 10-20 LPA at mid-level, according to Glassdoor India’s 2023 salary data. The demand for developers who understand both sides of an application is only growing as teams stay lean and ship faster.

Frequently Asked Questions

Which technology is not an example of deep tech?

Social media platforms, consumer apps and e-commerce software are not examples of deep tech. Deep tech requires breakthrough scientific or engineering principles, such as those found in quantum computing, advanced AI research, biotechnology or new materials science. Being technically complex or widely used does not qualify a technology as deep tech if it is built entirely on existing, well-understood infrastructure.

How does 5G technology enhance the Internet of Things?

5G enhances IoT by supporting up to 1 million connected devices per square kilometre, reducing latency to approximately 1 millisecond, and delivering speeds up to 10 Gbps. These improvements make large-scale IoT deployments in smart cities, industrial automation and connected healthcare genuinely practical in ways that 4G could not support. India’s 5G rollout is already enabling real-world applications in agriculture and manufacturing.

Which of the given network uses Bluetooth wireless technology?

Bluetooth operates over a Personal Area Network (PAN). It is designed for short-range communication, typically within 10 metres, between devices like smartphones, headsets, keyboards and wearables. Bluetooth uses the 2.4 GHz ISM radio band and is governed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG). It is not a LAN, WAN or cellular network technology.

Which among the following is not a big data technology?

Microsoft Excel is not a big data technology. It is a spreadsheet application that struggles with datasets beyond a few hundred thousand rows. Genuine big data technologies include Apache Hadoop, Apache Spark, Kafka, Hive and Cassandra. These tools are built to handle terabytes or petabytes of data across distributed computing clusters, which Excel fundamentally cannot do.

Which technology is used in compact disks?

Compact disks use laser technology to read and write data. A low-power infrared laser at 780 nm reads microscopic pits and lands on a reflective disc surface, interpreting them as binary data. DVDs use a 650 nm laser for greater storage density, while Blu-ray discs use a 405 nm blue-violet laser, allowing 25 GB or more of data per layer.

When was smart home technology first introduced?

Smart home technology was first introduced in 1975 with the X10 protocol, developed by Pico Electronics. X10 allowed remote control of electrical devices over existing power lines. Mass market adoption came much later, with Amazon Echo launching in 2014 and Google Home in 2016. India’s smart home market is now valued at approximately $4.5 billion and growing at 25% annually.

If these topics connect to where you want to take your career, the School of Intelligent Systems at 3University covers AI, IoT and emerging tech in structured, career-focused programmes. For cybersecurity professionals who want to understand how these technologies create new attack surfaces, the School of Cyber Resilience is the right starting point.

Last updated: June 2025. Reviewed by the 3University editorial team.